With regard to oil production in Libya, the following instruments are particularly important:

- Sustainability guidelines

- Risk analyses

- Eco-efficiency analyses

- Balanced scorecards -

Key sustainability criteria (KPI)

- Certification systems

Sustainability consists of the balance between economic efficiency/economics on the one hand and ecology/environmental compatibility on the other. 15 Sustainable energy systems are always geared to demand. Energy is just one resource among many.

Employees, raw materials, knowledge, etc. are also important resources that need to be managed sustainably and a balance found. A system that is only one-sidedly focused on profit maximization or social compatibility

Abstract

In many cities today, owning a car has become an important and

dominant mode of transport. Increasing dominance of own cars as a mode

of transport is due to its inherent advantages associated with its usage. In

Tripoli, Libya due to rapid increase in car usage associated with poor public

transport system has resulted in an increase of traffic congestion, accidents

and lack of parking spaces. This study aims to identify the factors

preventing owning cars from shifting to public transport system (PT). And

to develop model shift from owning cars to public transport in order to

formulate policies to achieve this. A policy to enhance public transport

system usage and control car ownership simultaneously has become

necessary for solving traffic congestion problems. A questionnaire survey

was carried out on users of transport in Tripoli such as own car, taxis,

microbuses and coaches drivers (n = 900). The probability of car drivers

shifting to public transport was examined based on scenario of several

options such as reduction in public transport travel time and travel cost.

Reduction in total travel time and cost for public transport mode emerged as

the most important elements in attracting car users towards using public

transport system. Logistic regression technique has been used to analyze the

factors that impact users to switch their trips to public transportation

alternatives. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19 and

Excel 2007 software were used to analyze the questionnaire in this study

Key words: public transport, car ownership, logistic regression, mode

choice and traffic congestion.

Abstract

Walking considered as one of the safest modes of

travel available, sustainable to human society as well as

environmentally beneficial. In this context, the aim of this

research is to investigate pedestrians’ traffic gap acceptance

and crossing decision for Mid-block Street crossing in urban

areas in Malaysia. Pedestrian crossing behaviour at

Rughaya Street has been examined in terms of the decision

to cross or not the street and size of traffic gaps accepted by

pedestrian, as well as the related contributing factors. A

field study was conducted to collect the data of pedestrians’

decisions under real mix traffic Condition using video

camera on a typical unsignalized urban street section. JPEG

files were obtained from video recording by using Snapshot

Wizard software. The data extracted included traffic

characteristics such as traffic size, traffic speed, etc.

pedestrian individual characteristics such as gender, in

addition to individual behavior such as waiting, frequency

of attempt, etc.). Furthermore, The extracted data were

used to develop and examine a pedestrian gap acceptance

model based on A lognormal regression model and binary

logistic model by SPSS (22) in order to validate the impact

of various parameters on the size of traffic gaps accepted by

pedestrians as well as the effect on the decision of

pedestrians to cross the street or not. So that the effect of

the gap accepted available and of other factors on the

decision of pedestrians to cross the street or not is examined.

These results indicate that the data set for this particular

location has a majority of male pedestrians which were

insignificant variables in both models moreover a lognormal

regression results shows that accepted gaps size depend on

traffic size, crossing distance, speed of approaching vehicle

and time spent by pedestrian at the curb waiting for a

suitable gap size to start crossing. The BL model performs

well for the reason that it captures the pedestrian decision

making process with traffic taking the relevant attributes

into consideration. According to the coefficients of BL

regression analysis equation we noticed that the illegal

parking, traffic size, traffic waiting time and gap size are the

vital attributes for the Pedestrian gap acceptance model..

Index Terms: Pedestrian crossing, gap acceptance, crossing

decision, multiple linear regression, binary logistic

regression.

ABSTRACT

Many Arab countries are starting to suffer from traffic congestion in their capitals cities, as

a consequence of continued increase in car ownership, current public transport vehicles

namely taxi, coaches and microbuses users and also lack of car parks. Tripoli, the capital

city of Libya where most of commuters prefer to use private cars,which is 88% of the city

traffic volume for doing work, study and shopping trips and one of these Arabic cities.

Government statistical data on the city for 2009 revealed that out of the total 945,203

vehicles comprised of 743,796 private cars and 47,031 units of taxis, coaches and

microbuses.In this study, traffic volume characteristics on three Tripoli's main entrances

namely, the eastern entrance covers Tajora (Al-Bive), the western entrance covers the AlGiran entrance and the southern entrance covers the Al-Gabis, Airport Road and Al-Hadaba

(Salah Al-Din) entrances were evaluated.The increase number of private cars and public

transport vehicles in the last ten years has resulted in traffic congestion. Field survey and

questionnaire study were carried out in Tripoli area in summer 2015 to explore the potential

reduction of private cars usage on road through optimal use of suitable public transportation

system. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19, Excel software and

logistic regression method were used to analyse these questionnaires. As a result, Tripoli

roads network users need to change and encourage usage of public transportation system as

public buses and rapid buses into the city.

Key words: Private car, public transport, parking places, entrances, traffic congestion

Abstract:

The basic physical and mechanical properties of Libyan soil are analyzed through some experiments, including direct shear test, grading analysis test and compression test. According to the test results, the soil is named as low liquid limit silt featured by weak strength, high compressibility and permeability, which directly influences sub-grade stability, durability and pavement’s usability. In order to solve these problems, measures are discussed from two aspects, namely, soil improvement and construction method. The strength of the soil is apparently increased by the cement and lime adding, and the compressibility is decreased at the same time. And the rising height of capillary water reducing and protection forms for silt soil slope are also proved to be effective in the subgrade construction

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This paper surveyed some of the works on fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) in concrete pavements using recycled waste plastics fibres (WPF) and waste synthetic fibres (WSF) which include its specifications, types, features, benefits and physical properties. Fibres in reinforced concrete pavements can improve their toughness, shrinkage and durability. The use of recycled waste plastic fibres from industrial or post-consumer waste in concrete pavement mixes offers additional advantages as well as for plastics waste reduction, lowers construction cost and resources conservation. Keywords: Fibre Reinforced Concrete, Concrete Pavements, Waste Plastics Fibre, Recycled Waste Plastic

ABSTRACT

This study reviews the Public Transportation (PT) Systems and the opportunities and requirements applied

in Libya. Beginning with the definition of public transport systems and their functions and areas of applied and

advanced systems for public transport and advanced systems for traffic management, systems and operations of

transport vehicles and advanced systems to control private vehicle and safety, with a discussion of the

importance of each of them, this paper discusses the requirements of the application of Bus Rapid Transit

(BRT) systems in mass with focus placed on the importance of developing an outline plan for the public

transport systems. The concept master plan and the options available in Tripoli shall be discussed to develop its

map of structural public transportation systems and recommend consideration of the possible adoption of a map

structure developed in the advanced countries and some developing countries in this area, with their adaptations

depending on the circumstances of Tripoli. It also concludes with the need to establish a permanent institution

representing the parties involved, including the public sectors, academia; and vested in the institutions

responsible for managing, directing, and the preparation of a strategic plan for public transport systems,

including the development of the master plan for those systems. The study recommends starting with pilot

projects carefully selected by an explanatory expansion in the application.

Key words: public transport system, bus rapid transit, safety, control private vehicles, traffic management,

Tripoli.

ABSTRACT

This study reviews the Public Transportation (PT) Systems and the opportunities and requirements applied

in Libya. Beginning with the definition of public transport systems and their functions and areas of applied and

advanced systems for public transport and advanced systems for traffic management, systems and operations of

transport vehicles and advanced systems to control private vehicle and safety, with a discussion of the

importance of each of them, this paper discusses the requirements of the application of Bus Rapid Transit

(BRT) systems in mass with focus placed on the importance of developing an outline plan for the public

transport systems. The concept master plan and the options available in Tripoli shall be discussed to develop its

map of structural public transportation systems and recommend consideration of the possible adoption of a map

structure developed in the advanced countries and some developing countries in this area, with their adaptations

depending on the circumstances of Tripoli. It also concludes with the need to establish a permanent institution

representing the parties involved, including the public sectors, academia; and vested in the institutions

responsible for managing, directing, and the preparation of a strategic plan for public transport systems,

including the development of the master plan for those systems. The study recommends starting with pilot

projects carefully selected by an explanatory expansion in the application.

Key words: public transport system, bus rapid transit, safety, control private vehicles, traffic management,

Tripoli